1. Maintain control. Job sites offer a service, but there’s always something in it for them. Ultimately, a website is just one more tool in the tool kit, and you want the end result to be the same: you send your application to a particular individual within the company. It is important that you are apply on your own behalf, as some websites will offer to do this for you. This is one of the reasons that a low-tech online search, such as a google search that leads to the webpage of the hiring manager, is often more productive than a fancy automated service.

2. Look before you leap. Online job services are required to provide you with the fine print. Check out their privacy policy and the details of their service agreements before you give away your information. The internet is a powerful and wonderful place, but it is also very dangerous, and once your information is given to the wrong people, it can never be retracted or undone.

3. Maintain your profile. As you know, job searching is a job in itself. Make sure you’re putting sufficient time into maintaining your online profiles on job sites and LinkedIn.

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1. Maintain control. Job sites offer a service, but there’s always something in it for them. Ultimately, a website is just one more tool in the tool kit, and you want the end result to be the same: you send your application to a particular individual within the company. It is important that you are apply on your own behalf, as some websites will offer to do this for you. This is one of the reasons that a low-tech online search, such as a google search that leads to the webpage of the hiring manager, is often more productive than a fancy automated service.

2. Look before you leap. Online job services are required to provide you with the fine print. Check out their privacy policy and the details of their service agreements before you give away your information. The internet is a powerful and wonderful place, but it is also very dangerous, and once your information is given to the wrong people, it can never be retracted or undone.

3. Maintain your profile. As you know, job searching is a job in itself. Make sure you’re putting sufficient time into maintaining your online profiles on job sites and LinkedIn.

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Finding a mentor: These days, finding a mentor usually means identifying a more senior-level worker whom you admire. In most cases, experienced workers are flattered that you are taking an interest in them and asking for their advice. Try approaching the one who impresses you the most, and offer to do something for him or her in exchange for his or her advice. For example, you might say, “Mr. So-and-so, I really admire the work you do. As someone still in the early stages of my career, I could really use some advice from someone with your level of experience, and in exchange I’d like to take you out for lunch [or coffee, drinks, etc.]” If your potential mentor turns you down gently, ask if there’s another colleague they’d recommend that you ask.

Finding a community: Most professions have trade organizations of one kind or another. They may be unions, professional groups, industry organizations, etc. If there is no such group in your field, you can still join loosely affiliated groups or even your local Chamber of Commerce. The point is to acquire the support and expertise of a network in a related field.
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1. Know your reader. This advice has several components. First, in the literal sense, you should know who will be reading your cover letter. Do not use generic company addresses and “To Whom It May Concern…” Instead, do your homework and address your letter to the individual person who will be reading it. Knowing your reading also means knowing what he or she is looking for. Simply tooting your own horn and expressing how much the job means to you is a technique that fails to see it from your potential employer’s perspective, and can sink you before you even meet. Instead, think about what the job means for the other party, and then work backwards to present your case for how you can provide it. For example, if you are applying for a management-level position with highly demanding organization skills, it’s not enough to write that you are organized. You should instead write about how the workplace will be improved by hiring someone with your excellent organization skills.

2. Proofread. This advice comes up frequently because it’s so crucial. Even one typo can send your application into the trash, so be sure to triple check it. Two supplementary techniques for proofreading are to ask a friend to read it, and also for you to read it backwards, that is, starting with the last word and reading backwards, word by word, for spelling errors. Both of these techniques will diminish the chance that your eye passes over a mistake because you are too familiar with the material.

3. Follow up. Make your contact information clear, professional, and up-to-date. If you don’t hear back, take the initiative and contact your interviewer.

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Redefine your presentation. The trick here is to match what you have to offer to what the hiring manager needs, rather than to fluff yourself up with all of your degrees, honors, and awards. You should certainly mention your work experience and your education on your resume, but put the focus on what you can do, not on what you expect from your prospective employer. This will certainly require preparing a new resume for each and every job you apply for.

Show off your versatility. Present your interviewer with specific examples of jobs where you demonstrated the flexibility and teamwork required to work in a variety of positions. Since you’re obviously downgrading your career, flexibility and teamwork will be major concerns for your prospective employer. The burden is on you to prove that you work well with others in a variety of positions. Always connect your qualifications to concrete job experiences and illustrate how well those experiences would carry over to the work you are currently applying for.

Expect less. Being overqualified means, by definition, that you’ll be getting paid for less than you’re worth. This is a painful and unfair situation, but in order to make it work, you must convince your interviewer that you understand the compensation involved and are nevertheless completely dedicated the job (even more so than another, younger worker, for whom the work would be a step up).

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3. You are always the product, but you don’t always have to be the salesman. In essence, you should make yourself as presentable, professional, and accessible as possible, but don’t push yourself too aggressively when asking for favors. Instead, state clearly who you are, what your professional goals are, and how you intend to meet those goals. This is different than directly asking for something, and is best suited for potential contacts who do not owe you anything and may not even have anything to offer in this moment. Rather, if they respond favorably to you, they may connect you with other contacts or call on you when they have positions available for you in the future. Being the product means that you should always present yourself in the best possible terms. Even though you are not selling yourself, you are very much seen as a product in the workforce, and you want to come across as always as the most valuable product possible.

4. Keep your doors open. Sometimes you make a great contact even though you’re already locked into your current job contract. That’s ok. Keep the lines of communication open in a casual, friendly way, occasionally writing to check with your other contacts. There’s always the chance that something will open up in the future. Part of this process is the way you manage to hold everyone in the best possible light. Never speak badly about your current employer (or anyone else for that matter). Just let potential hiring managers know how valuable you are, and make sure you’re on the list to find out when something opens up.

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1. Networking is a web, not a straight line. This model has several implications. First of all, it’s a two-way street. Often, approaching a potential ally is easier and more successful when you have something to offer them, rather than simply breaking down their door to ask them to help you. If there’s nothing that you have to offer a potential contact, for example if you are reaching out to someone who is much more established than you, there are still ways you can keep things mutual. At the very least, offer your services in a humble manner, and honor the other party for his or her expertise. Secondly, networking is community building, not simply trying to get things out of people. You will get much further if you ease yourself into a community by confidently, yet kindly, asking each contact if there is anyone else they can recommend to help you to attain your professional goals. Again, barging in and asking for something might close more doors than it opens, as will taking favors without offering anything back.

2. Make your presentation clean, clear, and professional. You’ve probably heard of the 30-second elevator speech, and it’s a great place to start. Make sure you can introduce yourself and make your pitch to anyone, any time, in under 30 seconds. Next, make a professional business card and a website that shows off your skills, portfolio, and CV. Without these basic components, you’re not yet ready to network.

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Expect to start slow. Remember, clients choose their freelancers based on their online reputation (this process is similar to the rating system used on eBay). At the beginning, you will not have any reputation, so you’ll want to bid low and work extra hard, delivering a product that’s probably worth a lot more than you paid for, so as to insure that you’ll get good ratings. This is parallel to a startup factoring in advertising and promotional costs. Regardless, the net effect will mean less money for you, at least at first.

Find a niche. While the money can be plentiful for freelancers, so is the competition. You are almost certainly going up against other experts in your field from all over the world, and some of them inevitably come from developing nations with much lower living expenses. There is no way you can undersell everyone. Instead, focus on what makes you special and valuable, and cultivate a niche marketplace for what you have to offer. If you work in a specialized field, for example coding a particular computer language, search for freelance websites that only focus on your skill, which will bring you into a niche network much faster.

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. No matter how good a thing you have going on one site or with one client, always try to diversify over different sites or even different kinds of media. Maintain a good website, blog, or about.me site where a potential client can see all of your activities in one place.

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However, the perception of service work has changed much slower than the realities of this recent shift in the American economy. Most Americans regard service workers as the uneducated poor, who could leave the service sector at any time simply by seeking an education.

Still, there have been recent signs that the American public and the American judiciary are taking the side of service workers. Some states allow employers to calculate tips into their workers’ salaries, some even allowing restaurants to pay wait staff less than $3 an hour, on the justification that they make minimum wage with tips factored in. In a shocking new decision, the Supreme Court just ruled that service workers may sue their employers for higher pay if they can show that a significant portion of their working hours are spent doing tasks that receive no tips, such as cleaning, closing at night, etc.

This ruling is a small victory for service workers, and we conclude with the following advice: during these hard times, many highly skilled workers are temping in the service industry. If you are one of them, hold your head high, and make the most of it. The American legal system is slowly turning its eyes on the unsustainable wage structure of this sector, but by the time there is any major reform, you may have already moved on to a higher paying job as the economy recovers.

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Start with the hardest, most unpleasant tasks:  Almost every day, there is something that you dread doing. It could be responding to a nasty email, making a high-stakes phone call, fixing a scheduling problem that stresses you, or countless other boring, tedious, or intimidating tasks. Most likely, the stress causes by putting this work off will haunt and distract you throughout your workday, so best possible course of action is to do these things first. Then, you can concentrate on a clean, clear, stress-free day doing the things you enjoy.

Only do the jobs that must be done by you: There are many ways to delegate. Even if you don’t have employees or a secretary or assistant helping you, you still have the option of finding help. If you are employed by a large company, there are people in other department who may be about to take the load off. Otherwise, you can find contractors who will do it for a fee. If you’re low on both time and money, check out websites like fiverr.com (and its sister site “twenty fiverr”) or freelance sites like guru or elance. Nobody is good at everything, and everyone has a skill that they excel at. By delegating, you ensure that your weaknesses are covered by someone else’s strengths, and can get back to doing what you do best.

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